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101.
E.I.P. Volcke M. Loccufier P.A. Vanrolleghem E.J.L. Noldus 《Journal of Process Control》2006,16(10):1003-1012
This paper addresses the dynamics of a SHARON reactor, a promising technology for ammonium removal from concentrated wastewater streams. The contraction mapping theorem is used to determine which operating conditions of a SHARON reactor with pH-control result in a unique equilibrium state. However, this approach only identifies the case of very large dilution rates, in practice corresponding with complete biomass wash-out, i.e. with complete loss of biological activity. Practical operation of a SHARON reactor aims at reaching ammonium conversion to nitrite. To identify such interesting operating points, the equilibrium points are subsequently calculated directly in terms of input variables for a simplified SHARON reactor model. The stability of the obtained equilibrium points is assessed and the corresponding phase portraits are analyzed. The influence of slightly varying parameter and input values is investigated as well. 相似文献
102.
本文提出一种可控环量船用翼数值模拟方法,其计算结果与最近Mclachlan的试验数据十分吻合。通过本文的计算,对广泛引用的Kind & Maull的二维试验数据提出了修正。根据本文所作的三维可控环量帆翼的试验结果,与二维计算值的比较,指出它们之间所存在的显著差别。 相似文献
103.
This paper deals with a new boundary element method for analysis of the quasistatic problems in coupled thermoelasticity. Through some mathematical manipulation of the Navier equation in elasticity, the heat conduction equation is transformed into a simpler form, similar to the uncoupled-type equation with the modified thermal conductivity which shows the coupling effects. This procedure enables us to treat the coupled thermoelastic problems as an uncoupled one, A few examples are computed by the proposed BEM, and the results obtained are compared with the analytical ones available in the literature, whereby the accuracy and versatility of the proposed method are demonstrated. 相似文献
104.
This article is concerned with the l2-approximation of a given transfer function f by a rational one whose order is prescribed. We show that the sum of the indices of the critical points of the criterion is generically equal to 1, and in particular does not depend on f. 相似文献
105.
Ariosto B. Jorge Gabriel O. Ribeiro Timothy S. Fisher 《International journal for numerical methods in engineering》2003,56(1):117-144
This work presents two new error estimation approaches for the BEM applied to 2D potential problems. The first approach involves a local error estimator based on a gradient recovery procedure in which the error function is generated from differences between smoothed and non‐smoothed rates of change of boundary variables in the local tangential direction. The second approach involves the external problem formulation and gives both local and global measures of error, depending on a choice of the external evaluation point. These approaches are post‐processing procedures. Both estimators show consistency with mesh refinement and give similar qualitative results. The error estimator using the gradient recovery approach is more general, as this formulation does not rely on an ‘optimal’ choice of an external parameter. This work presents also the use of a local error estimator in an adaptive mesh refinement procedure. This r‐refinement approach is based on the minimization of the standard deviation of the local error estimate. A non‐linear programming procedure using a feasible‐point method is employed using Lagrange multipliers and a set of active constraints. The optimization procedure produces finer meshes close to a singularity and results that are consistent with the problem physics. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
106.
The macroscopic deformation behavior of a fiber-reinforced aluminum-boron composite is investigated. Different periodic and random arrangements of the microstructure are considered with macroscopic hardening behavior due to the evolution of plastic zones on the microscale being taken into account.
For the solution of the initial boundary value problem, a non-standard algorithm is applied. It consists of the direct solution of the whole set of equations, treating all variables as global quantities. Together with a higher order time integration method (BDF2), an automatic step size control is used in the FEM calculations. 相似文献
107.
108.
陆相断陷湖盆中层序边界是由于沉积物表面高出沉积基准面或盆地基准面、沉积物发生剥蚀或无沉积作用所形成的,其产生机理主要有边界断层停止活动、断块翘倾活动、湖盆整体抬升和湖平面下降。层序边界在地震特征上、测井曲线上、钻井剖面中的岩性、岩相特征、古生物组合、微量元素的变化上均有明显的特征。利用这些特征,在济阳坳陷下第三系中识别出9个三级层序。 相似文献
109.
As larger wind turbines are placed on taller towers, rotors frequently operate in atmospheric conditions that support organized, coherent turbulent structures. It is hypothesized that these structures have a detrimental impact on the blade fatigue life experienced by the wind turbine. These structures are extremely difficult to identify with sophisticated anemometry such as ultrasonic anemometers. This study was performed to identify the vortex characteristics that contribute to high‐amplitude cyclic blade loads, assuming that these vortices exist under certain atmospheric conditions. This study does not attempt to demonstrate the existence of these coherent turbulent structures. In order to ascertain the idealized worst‐case scenario for vortical inflow structures impinging on a wind turbine rotor, we created a simple, analytic vortex model. The Rankine vortex model assumes that the vortex core undergoes solid body rotation to avoid a singularity at the vortex centre and is surrounded by a two‐dimensional potential flow field. Using the wind turbine as a sensor and the FAST wind turbine dynamics code with limited degrees of freedom, we determined the aerodynamic loads imparted to the wind turbine by the vortex structure. We varied the size, strength, rotational direction, plane of rotation, and location of the vortex over a wide range of operating parameters. We identified the vortex conformation with the most significant effect on the blade root bending moment cyclic amplitude. Vortices with radii on the scale of the rotor diameter or smaller caused blade root bending moment cyclic amplitudes that contribute to high damage density. The rotational orientation, clockwise or counter‐clockwise, produces little difference in the bending moment response. Vortices in the XZ plane produce bending moment amplitudes significantly greater than vortices in the YZ plane. Published in 2005 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
110.
Patterns in the solidification of a pure material are dealt with in this article. Results, deduced from a simple model based on heat conduction in the two phases and the effect of surface tension on the equilibrium temperature at the moving front, present a guide for experimental work. By introducing far-field conditions imitating what can be achieved in an experiment, we explain how the depths of the phases and the width of the container influence the patterns that can be seen if one advances the control variable to the critical point and then just beyond. Our new result is the existence of a third critical point. It occurs at small wave numbers and it is independent of surface tension. It appears because we take the depths of the phases into account. These depths are input values that offer the possibility of controlling crest-to-trough conduction, stabilizing in the solid, destabilizing in the liquid. The new critical point, and the patterns attending its appearance, can be found in cells of easily attainable widths. 相似文献